Harbor City Design
Oslo is the current capital and largest city of Norway. It is located at the top of the Oslo Fjord on the southeast coast, with a land area of 457 square kilometers. It is the seat of the Norwegian royal family and the central government. The current population is about 666,700 (statistics as of January 1, 2017), and the actual population density has reached 5,221.6 people/square kilometer. Based on the city's own geographical conditions, the Oslo government proposed the Oslo Harbor City Plan very early, mainly to establish a new connection and new relationship between the city and the fjord, better land and water, and provide a unique natural environment. Combining life and leisure functions to change the urban activities of the industrial land on the waterfront in the past, transforming it into harbor activities, transportation and other uses, based on a sustainable and people-oriented urban structure, adapting to any future urban development challenge. The main focus is on the three planning areas of Bjørvika, Tjuvholmen and Aker Brygge.
On the first day of their arrival in Oslo, the visiting team couldn't wait to use the temperature of their feet to experience the case of urban renewal and port reconstruction in the Bjørvika area in front of the railway station. Bjørvika is a neighborhood in the borough of Oslo Sentrum in Oslo, Norway. The area is located between Gamlebyen and Akersness, at the mouth of the river Akerselva. Since 2000, the Oslo government has begun urban renewal for the Bjørvika district. They think about how to combine Norway's unique natural beauty with its exquisite urban life as a representative of the harbor city.
On the one hand, the Oslo City Government ensures and maximizes the value of the public space near the port through urban planning. On the other hand, it combines the surrounding land to attract investment and develop some sustainable development projects, and even considers the use of environmentally friendly and friendly traffic lines to promote urban diversity. And the development of leisure, entertainment and cultural activities.
Oslo Opera House
As early as 1890, many Norwegians hoped to build an international-class opera house in Oslo, while opponents believed that if it was too close to the residential area, it would create noise that would affect residents. Or think that this huge investment should be used in medical facilities that benefit the people. Humanistic Norway hopes to coordinate development until everyone is satisfied.
It was not until 1999 that the Congress passed an agreement to allocate funds for the urban renewal plan and build the new opera house near the stock exchange and the central station. The original old and messy urban area was east of Bjørvika Harbor. It is hoped that the development project can be reorganized The adjacent lot brings a new atmosphere to the area. The area was completed two years after the opera house was completed. The originally mixed traffic roads led to the tunnel under the fjord, allowing the opera house to successfully combine the fjord, city, and mountain views and become a beautiful new landmark of Oslo.
After five years of construction by the famous Norwegian architectural firm Snøhetta, it was officially opened in April 2008. It follows the Nidarosdomen Cathedral built in Trondheim in the early 14th century. It covers an area of 38,500 square meters and provides three performance venues: opera hall, ballet hall and concert hall, of which the main hall and the other two auxiliary halls The hall can accommodate about 1,350, 400, and 200 seats respectively, and part of the main theater stage is located at a depth of 16 meters underwater. The overall appearance looks like an iceberg with a wide base, which is very special.
It is the world's first opera house that allows people to walk on the roof, and it is also the largest solar sustainable building in Norway. Any visitor to Oslo will want to see it with his own eyes, climb the marble mountain of Snøhetta, and enjoy the Oslo fjord beautiful view.
Bjørvika Waterfront Master Plan
In 2003, MVRDV, together with Norway's Dark and A-Lab, won the Bjørvika Waterfront Master Plan, which proposed guidelines for high-density urban development along Nyland Allé, with the aim of taking advantage of the traffic advantages (TOD) of the central station and maximizing the city's and Architectural diversity and spatial flexibility, the foundation of high-density development insists on realizing a friendly walking environment.
Therefore, in the overall planning and design of this area, each building has a facade facing the fjord to maximize the landscape visual experience of residential, office, commercial and cultural projects, and requires a minimum width between buildings and at least 50% of the water above the water level. Green outdoor space, the most unique thing is that each building design has its own different material vocabulary, forming a barcode-style building complex of 11 buildings in the district (total planning area: 135,300 square meters, of which 8,100 square meters are public development projects ), the ground floor is all commercial and cultural facilities, and the traffic lines in the underground space are connected in series.
Sørenga Sjøbad
The competition was won in 2005 by LPO (Oslo Local Architects) and Kristine Jensens Tegnestue Architects. Considering the new construction of the future wharf to reduce the impact of ship accidents in the sea, two water control lines are designed in the area close to the wharf as the range of the shoal, and a park with a floating structure is designed with woodwork to form a water-themed beach and become a city. The new entertainment destination also highlights the physical connection between the sea and the city.
During this city planning team’s visit to the Bjørvika area, I strongly felt the attraction of diverse buildings, from the landmark opera house to the soon-to-be-completed Munch Museum, to the emerging Sørenga community, Finally, the low-density Sørenga Sjøbad beach merges with the sea, which is a case where the bay and the city have been gradually realized through urban design.
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